{"id":1134,"date":"2020-02-12T17:16:29","date_gmt":"2020-02-12T17:16:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/rrenjettona.al\/?p=1134"},"modified":"2020-02-12T17:16:29","modified_gmt":"2020-02-12T17:16:29","slug":"dy-fjale-qe-ndryshuan-historine-e-botes-pj-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rrenjettona.al\/index.php\/2020\/02\/12\/dy-fjale-qe-ndryshuan-historine-e-botes-pj-i\/","title":{"rendered":"DY FJAL\u00cb Q\u00cb NDRYSHUAN HISTORIN\u00cb E BOT\u00cbS (pj.I)"},"content":{"rendered":"

DY FJAL\u00cb Q\u00cb NDRYSHUAN HISTORIN\u00cb E BOT\u00cbS<\/strong>\u00a0 (pj.I)Historia e kuptuar keq , n\u00ebse nuk tregohet kujdes , fare leht\u00eb mund t\u00eb rrezikoj\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00eb me diskretitimin e saj, historin\u00eb e kuptuar mir\u00eb.<\/em><\/p>\n

Mark Bloch Mjeshtria e Historianit<\/em><\/p>\n

Ky studim bazohet n\u00eb metod\u00ebn q\u00eb ka z\u00ebn\u00eb vend t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb shkenc\u00ebn historike t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 20-t\u00eb, t\u00eb em\u00ebrtuar \u201cfilozofia e historis\u00eb<\/em>\u201d, por q\u00eb akoma nuk ka mundur t\u00eb hyj\u00eb n\u00eb der\u00ebn shekullore t\u00eb\u00a0 Akademise son\u00eb Albanologjike.<\/p>\n

Patrick Lancaster Gardiner (1922-1997) \u201cPhilosophy of history<\/em>\u201d v\u00ebren, se em\u00ebrtimi \u201cHistori\u201d mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret me dy mendime t\u00eb kund\u00ebrta : mund t\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptoj\u00eb 1) rradhitjen e thjesht\u00eb t\u00eb ngjarjeve dhe veprimeve t\u00eb s\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs s\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit ose 2) p\u00ebrfundimet e arritura prej studiuesve n\u00eb pasqyrimin e<\/strong> s\u00eb<\/strong> kaluar\u00ebs, si rrjedhoj\u00eb e metod\u00ebs k\u00ebrkimore t\u00eb tyre<\/strong>.(1) P\u00ebrdorimi nga historiani i metod\u00ebs s\u00eb \u201cfilozofis\u00eb historike\u201d ka vler\u00eb t\u00eb dyfisht\u00eb :<\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari ajo e\u00a0 ndihmon\u00a0 lexuesin, q\u00eb n\u00eb v\u00ebnd t\u00eb pranimit \u201csy mbyllas\u201d t\u00eb \u00e7far\u00ebdo teze dhe botimi me titull \u201chistorik\u201d, t\u00eb vler\u00ebsoj\u00eb AI <\/em>p\u00ebrfundimet (e drejta apo jo) t\u00eb autorit.<\/p>\n

S\u00eb dyti , kjo metod\u00eb e \u00e7liron studiuesin nga \u201c prangat e dogmatizmit\u201d (pranimi i detyruar i tezave t\u00eb autor\u00ebve paraardh\u00ebs) si dhe\u00a0 nga \u201c frika \u201d e fakteve dhe p\u00ebrfundimeve t\u00eb reja shkencore.<\/p>\n

Po cilat jan\u00eb k\u00ebto fjal\u00eb dhe cila gjuh\u00eb ka q\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00ebma e tyre? Le t\u00eb ndjekim arsyetimin p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00ebn:<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Origjina gjuh\u00ebsore e fjal\u00ebs \u201cbarbar\u201d <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb zbuluar popullin q\u00eb e ka shqiptuar i pari fjal\u00ebn \u201cbarbar\u201d duhet fillimisht t\u00eb njihet formimi i saj gjuh\u00ebsor, i cili e ruan edhe sot kuptimin e tij zanafillor. Sipas Fjalorit t\u00eb Oksfordit (Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd Edition, 1989, “barbarous”) : Em\u00ebrtimi Barbar<\/strong> (gr. \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2) mendohet se u p\u00ebrket fjal\u00ebve b\u00eblb\u00ebzuese (onomatopeice) indo-eur. \u00ab\u00a0bar-bar\u00a0\u00bb, si\u00e7 mund t\u00b4iu dukej grek\u00ebve e folura e popujve t\u00eb huaj.\u00a0 (2)<\/p>\n

Sipas Enciklopedis\u00eb italiane t\u00eb viteve 1930, \u00ab\u00a0Barbar\u00eb\u00a0\u00bb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb koncept i lasht\u00eb dhe e ka origjin\u00ebn nga gjuha e ashtuquajtur \u00ab\u00a0indo-europiane\u00a0\u00bb (n\u00eb indishten e lasht\u00eb. barbaras<\/em>; gr. \u03b2\u1f71\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2; \u00a0lat.\u00a0balbus<\/em> ). N\u00eb zanafill \u00ab\u00a0barbar\u00a0\u00bb em\u00ebrtonte t\u00eb folur\u00ebn e popujve, ting\u00ebllimi i fjal\u00ebve t\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebve u ngjanin z\u00ebrave q\u00eb l\u00ebshonin kafsh\u00ebt. (3) N\u00eb Fjalorin hebraik fjala \u201cbarbar\u201d em\u00ebrtohet greke – \u03b2\u1f71\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 (barbaros) dhe zb\u00ebrthehet nga ana fonetike : \u00a0bar’-bar-os (4) dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrm\u00ebndur 6 her\u00eb n\u00eb Bib\u00ebl.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha Fjalor\u00ebt e k\u00ebrkuar nuk gj\u00ebndet shpjegim gjuh\u00ebsor, por jepet kuptimi me t\u00eb\u00a0 cilin \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur ky em\u00ebr. Dhe si\u00e7 ka ndodhur edhe n\u00eb rastet e tjera, kur flitet p\u00ebr origjin\u00ebn gjuh\u00ebsore t\u00eb fjal\u00ebve t\u00eb lashta , ato gjejn\u00eb shpjegim vet\u00ebm n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn shqipe.<\/p>\n

Po krahasojm\u00eb fjal\u00ebt e formuara n\u00eb shqip nga rrenja \u201cbar\u201d, me ato t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs greke, italiane, franceze, angleze dhe gjermane.<\/p>\n

Shqip. bar <\/strong>: gr. gras\u00eddi ; it. erba; fr. herbe; angl. grass ; gjerm. gras<\/p>\n

Shq. bariu<\/strong>: gr. vosk\u00f3s; it. pastore ; fr. berger; ang. shepherd; gjerm. sch\u00e4fer<\/p>\n

Shq. barbar<\/strong> : gr. v\u00e1rvarous fr. barbares angl. barbaric; gjerm.barbarische<\/p>\n

Shq. barngr\u00ebn\u00ebs<\/strong>: gr. chortof\u00e1gos ; fr. herbivore; angl. herbivorous; gjerm. pflanzenfress. (5)<\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 vihet re , rrenja\/fjal\u00eb \u201cbar\u201d n\u00eb t\u00eb folur\u00ebn e shqipetaro-arb\u00ebrve \u00ebsht\u00eb ruajtur e paprekur edhe tek fjal\u00ebt e tjera, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebt e huaja (greke, franzeze, angleze dhe gjermane) gj\u00ebndet vetem tek nj\u00eb fjal\u00eb dhe k\u00ebto gjuh\u00eb nuk e shpjegojn\u00eb dot\u00a0 kuptimin e rr\u00ebnj\u00ebs s\u00eb saj. Ky p\u00ebrfundim na \u00e7on drejt ligjit themelor t\u00eb shkenc\u00ebs s\u00eb gjuh\u00ebsis\u00eb historike dhe krahasuese, i trajtuar nga Petro Zheji (Shqipja dhe Sanskritishtja,<\/em>2005), por akoma i pa pranuar n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri dhe n\u00eb Institucionet bot\u00ebrore :<\/p>\n

\u201cFakti i pakund\u00ebrshtuesh\u00ebm q\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha gjuh\u00ebt e tj\u00ebra, nuk jan\u00eb n\u00eb gj\u00ebndje t\u00eb shpjegojn\u00eb vet\u00eb fjal\u00ebt e tyre <\/strong>(n\u00eb rastet e paraqitura nga autori-sh\u00ebn im) , d\u00ebshmon s\u00eb ato jan\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar me receta dhe l\u00ebnd\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb marr\u00eb hua,<\/em> n\u00eb mos edhe t\u00eb vjedhura <\/strong>(\u2026) nga Shqipja\u201d<\/strong>(e cila) u jep mund\u00ebsin\u00eb fjal\u00ebve t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb Bot\u00ebs t\u00eb pajtojn\u00eb n\u00eb vetvete form\u00ebn me brendin\u00eb (kuptimin e rr\u00ebnj\u00ebs s\u00eb fjal\u00ebs-sh\u00ebn im), q\u00eb deri tani kan\u00eb qen\u00eb\u00a0 krejt t\u00eb shk\u00ebputura mes tyre e pa asnj\u00eb lidhje…\u201d (6)<\/p>\n

Gjuha shqipe jo vet\u00ebm e shpjegon kuptimin e rr\u00ebnj\u00ebs \u201cbar\u201d(bari i tok\u00ebs), por ka formuar edhe fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, t\u00eb cilat e ruajn\u00eb lidhjen kuptimore t\u00eb zanafill\u00ebs (bar \u2194 kafsh\u00eb ; bari ushqim i kafsh\u00ebve, bariu, barnatore, dhe si mbiem\u00ebr mbart domethenjen : njeriu, fiset, veprimet \u2192 si t\u00eb kafsh\u00ebve). Pra origjina e fjal\u00ebs \u201cbarbar\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb nga gjuha pellazgo-shqipe<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 v\u00ebrehet n\u00eb botimet historike t\u00eb shkruesve t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha qytetrimeve q\u00eb njihen, kjo fjal\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur e pandryshuar n\u00eb shqiptim, por\u00a0 …<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr popujt dhe shkruesit, fjala \u201cbarbar\u201d ka patur kuptime t\u00eb ndryshme<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nga nj\u00eb gjurmim i thjesht\u00eb i b\u00ebr\u00eb shkrimeve, studimeve apo th\u00ebnjeve t\u00eb mbledhura , em\u00ebrtimi \u201cbarbar\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr :<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. prifterinjt\u00eb pellazg\u00eb, fjal\u00ebt e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve nuk kuptoheshin.<\/li>\n
  2. fiset q\u00eb nuk b\u00ebjn\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb Amfilokin\u00eb e ashtuquajtur \u00ab\u00a0greke\u00a0\u00bb<\/li>\n
  3. gjuh\u00ebn e popujve t\u00eb cil\u00ebn nuk e njihnin helen\u00ebt.<\/li>\n
  4. ata q\u00eb vijonin ta ruanin trash\u00ebgimin e t\u00eb par\u00ebve.<\/li>\n
  5. popujt t\u00eb cil\u00ebsuar \u201dt\u00eb pa qytetruar \/ t\u00eb pa helenizuar \u201d q\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptonte\u00a0 t\u00eb etnis\u00eb \u00ab\u00a0jo greke\u00a0\u00bb dhe q\u00eb nuk flisnin gjuh\u00ebn e ashtuquajtur \u201cgreqishtja e lasht\u00eb\u201d.<\/li>\n
  6. fiset pushtuese t\u00eb lasht\u00ebsis\u00eb (got\u00ebt, hun\u00ebt, avar\u00ebt etj.)<\/li>\n
  7. popuj, jo t\u00eb besimit kristian (pagan\u00ebt).<\/li>\n
  8. popuj , t\u00eb cil\u00ebve nuk u njhet apo u fshihet autorsia e alfabetit t\u00eb tyre (popuj t\u00eb quajtur \u00ab\u00a0pa alfabet\u00a0\u00bb nga historian\u00ebt e shk.19 si psh. pellazg\u00ebt dhe pasardh\u00ebsit shqipetaro-arb\u00ebr) \u2026 etj.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Mund t\u00eb vijohej edhe m\u00eb tej me k\u00ebt\u00eb list\u00eb, meq\u00ebn\u00ebse kjo fjal\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur nga vet\u00eb popujt, por nga shkruesit e lasht\u00eb dhe t\u00eb koh\u00ebve t\u00eb m\u00eb vonshme . P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb shkak, studimi historik dhe filozofik i em\u00ebrtimit \u201cbarbar\u201d merr nj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb njohur botkuptimin e koh\u00ebs s\u00eb dokumenteve shkrimore ku \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur kjo fjal\u00eb.<\/p>\n

    Veprat e para historike, sot pranohen Iliada dhe Odisea dhe sipas Tuqiditit (Tucidide, I, 3), Homeri nuk e ka p\u00ebrdorur asnj\u00ebher\u00eb fjal\u00ebn \u201cbarbar\u201d p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebmar\u00ebsit n\u00eb luft\u00ebn e Troj\u00ebs. (7) Si\u00e7 d\u00ebshmon Dr. Arif Mati, nuk ekzistonte asnj\u00eb dallim etnik, fetar apo kulturor midis akejve dhe trojan\u00ebve. (8)<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Botim i Rihel<\/em> i vitit 1572. dhe\u00a0 2. Kanuni i Lek Dukagjinit. (11)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      K\u00ebt\u00eb filozofi t\u00eb fiseve pellazge, pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebse n\u00eb Luft\u00ebn e Troj\u00ebs , e gjejm\u00eb t\u00eb shprehur tek dramaturgu helen Antifon (Antif\u00f2n<\/em>;\u00a0 480 p.K.<\/a>\u00a0 \u2013\u00a0410 p.<\/a>K) i cili shprehet se : nuk ekzistojn\u00eb dallime midis fiseve sepse \u201ct\u00eb gjith\u00eb njer\u00ebzit nga natyra e tyre jan\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb\u201d.(9)<\/p>\n

      Ky botkuptim i lasht\u00eb mbijeton n\u00eb Kanunin e Lek Dukagjinit ku ndjenja e urrejtjes apo p\u00ebrbuzjes p\u00ebr \u201ctjetrin\u201d ishte e d\u00ebnueshme : \u201cKanuni i Malevet t\u00eb Shqypnis nuk e ve\u00e7on nierin prej nierit. \u201dShpirt per shpirt , se duken e fale Zoti \u201d. (Libri i tet\u00ebt, Ndera, Kry i shtat\u00ebmbdhet\u00ebt \u00a7 593).<\/p>\n

      N\u00eb Kanu t\u00eb Malevet t\u00eb Shqypnis gjithsa djelm t\u00eb lein, njihen t\u00eb mire e nuk ve\u00e7ohen njani prej tjetrit. Seicilli mbahet i mire edhe i thot\u00eb vedit: \u201cJam burr\u00eb\u201d e i thon\u00eb : \u201cA je burr\u00eb!\u201d (Shtjefen Gje\u00e7ovi, Kanuni, Krye i njizetedyt\u00eb, Nye i njqindenjizetekat\u00ebrt,Gjaku,\u00a7 886, \u00a7 888).<\/p>\n

      Studiuesi arb\u00ebresh Zef Krispi (1781-1859) duke folur p\u00ebr periudh\u00ebn e ashtuquajtur \u00ab\u00a0helenike\u00a0\u00bb pohon se\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Grek\u00ebt mbaheshin t\u00ebr\u00eb madh\u00ebshti p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs greke dhe i shihnin maqedonasit si barbar\u00eb; por n\u00eb asnj\u00eb v\u00ebnd nuk thuhet se ata i quanin barbar\u00eb<\/strong>, psh. athinasit ose peloponezasit edhe kur k\u00ebta ishin me origjin\u00eb nga fiset dore (…) edhe pse kishin dialekte t\u00eb ndryshme<\/strong>, megjithat\u00eb quheshin grek <\/strong>(helen\u00eb \u2013sh\u00ebn im) \u00bb. (10) P\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb fjala \u201cbarbar-etni jo helene\u201d nuk i p\u00ebrket fjalorit dhe botkuptimit t\u00eb Europ\u00ebs s\u00eb lasht\u00eb.<\/p>\n

      Si p\u00ebrfundim, mund t\u00eb themi se Pellazg\u00ebt e hersh\u00ebm nuk e njihnin fjal\u00ebn \u201cbarbar\u201d dhe nuk i p\u00ebrcaktonin \u201ct\u00eb tjer\u00ebt\u201d me p\u00ebrbuzje si kafsh\u00eb, p\u00ebrkundrazi, n\u00eb besimin e tyre h\u00ebnor (sellenizmin) kafsh\u00ebt adhuroheshin, si psh kau Api n\u00eb dinastit\u00eb faraonike t\u00eb Egjiptit apo dhia, shqiponja , ujku, luani tek pellazget. N\u00eb objektet arkeologjike e shikojm\u00eb mbretin apo faraonin n\u00eb form\u00ebn e kafsh\u00ebve t\u00eb hyjnizuara n\u00eb besim apo me pjes\u00eb trupore t\u00eb tyre (kok\u00ebn, brir\u00ebt, krah\u00ebt). Themeluesit mitik t\u00eb Rom\u00ebs , Remo dhe Romolo jan\u00eb \u201cbijt\u201d e ulkonj\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Per\u00ebndia Seth-Amon (\u2053 3050 p.e.r.) me kok\u00ebn e dhis\u00eb, Egjypt.(fg.1) Zeusi, ku brir\u00ebt d\u00ebshmojn\u00eb besimin h\u00ebnor (dashi\/dhia jan\u00eb simbole kultike t\u00eb Krijueses\/H\u00ebn\u00eb) (fg.2); Sk\u00ebnderbeu me simbolin kultik t\u00eb besimit h\u00ebnor pellazg \u2013 dhin\u00eb (fg.3); Per\u00ebndia Pan (fg.4, Ortenburg ,Bavari, shk 16). (11)<\/p>\n

      Ky hyjnizim i kafsh\u00ebve nga pellazg\u00ebt, u p\u00ebrdor nga kristianizmi si shprehje e \u201cbarbaris\u00eb\u201d s\u00eb tyre dhe si mjet frik\u00ebsimi p\u00ebr popullsin\u00eb. Kristian\u00ebt i zbukuruan kishat me statuja dhe piktura t\u00eb p\u00ebrbindshave, duke i \u00e7p\u00ebrfytyruar figurat e mitollogjis\u00eb pellazge, si t\u00eb mbretit-bari Pan (Alpan\/Alban), Meduz\u00ebs, etj. N\u00eb Mesjet\u00eb, per\u00ebndia Pan me brir\u00eb dhe k\u00ebmb\u00eb dhie, shprehte figur\u00ebn e Diallit. (fg.4) (12)<\/p>\n

      Duhet theksuar se em\u00ebrtimi \u201cbarbar\u201d nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur nga populli, por\u00a0 nga elita drejtuese (mbret\u00ebr, komandant\u00eb t\u00eb ushtrive apo sekretaret e tyre, politikan\u00eb, orator\u00eb, pronar\u00eb t\u00eb skllev\u00ebrve, etj.), dokumentet shkrimore shprehin fjal\u00ebt e tyre. N\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto raste, emri\u00a0 \u201cbarbar\u201d shprehte p\u00ebrbuzjen ndaj \u201ctjetrit\u201d: p\u00ebr paditurin\u00eb , munges\u00ebn e qytetrimit, kundrejt fiseve kund\u00ebrshtare n\u00eb luftime, q\u00eb nuk e kishin besimin apo gjuh\u00ebn e tyre. Dionisi i Alikarnasit (\u00a0Dionysius of Halicarnassus,<\/em>) pohonte se nj\u00eb helen dallohej nga nj\u00eb \u201cbarbar\u201d n\u00eb kat\u00ebr ve\u00e7ori : gjuha e p\u00ebrpunuar, edukimi, besimi dhe e drejta e qytetarit (\u201ci lir\u00eb\u201d apo skllav-sh\u00ebn im). (13) Si shprehje p\u00ebrbuz\u00ebse p\u00ebrdorej edhe p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit e tyre, si\u00e7 pohon Aristofani (\u00a0Aristophanes )<\/em>: \u201cNj\u00eb njeri analfabet \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu barbar\u201d. (14)<\/p>\n

      N\u00eb librat e Historis\u00eb s\u00eb shekullit 21, qytetrimi i shoq\u00ebris\u00eb njer\u00ebzore i Europ\u00ebs s\u00eb lasht\u00eb nis me\u00a0 dy emra : Grek, Romak apo qytetrim Greko-Romak. Asnj\u00eb prej k\u00ebtyre emrave nuk\u00a0 p\u00ebrm\u00ebnden nga Homeri, Hesiodi dhe shkruesit e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb lasht\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb em\u00ebrtim fisi, deti, lumi, mali, gadishulli, t\u00eb nj\u00eb mbreti t\u00eb hyjnizuar n\u00eb mite apo si em\u00ebrtim i besimit t\u00eb lasht\u00eb (p\u00ebrve\u00e7 si em\u00ebr qyteti – Roma 753 p.K.). N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb Histori t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb sotme , fjala \u201cbarbar\u201d nuk i prek emrat \u201cgrek\u201ddhe \u201chelen\u201d, por u bashkangjitet emrave t\u00eb famsh\u00ebm q\u00eb i hasim n\u00eb dokumentet e lasht\u00ebsis\u00eb si Pellazg, Etrusk, Dardan, Maqedon, Ilir, etj. q\u00eb njihen si fise PELLAZGE<\/em>. Historiani\u00a0 gjerman Lochner-H\u00fcttenach (1960) zbulon se, q\u00eb n\u00eb lasht\u00ebsi fjala \u201cbarbar\u201d ka treguar ndryshimin etnik : \u201c Herodoti do t\u00eb trajtoj\u00eb edhe \u00e7\u00ebshtjen e p\u00ebrkatsis\u00eb etnike t\u00eb pellazg\u00ebve dhe do t\u00b4i quaj ata \u201cetnos barbar\u201d. (15). Studiuesi nuk\u00a0 e v\u00ebrteton me fakte, n\u00ebse Herodoti e ka p\u00ebrdorur fjal\u00ebn \u201cetni barbare\u201d, p\u00ebr munges\u00eb t\u00eb qytetrimit t\u00eb fiseve pellazge, si\u00e7 e gjejm\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb periudhat e m\u00ebvonshme, apo \u201ct\u00eb ndryshimit si rac\u00eb \u201d .<\/p>\n

      P\u00ebr fjal\u00ebn BARBAR<\/em> \u2192 ETNI TJET\u00cbR<\/em> , H\u00fcttenach akuzon autor\u00ebt grek : \u201cMosp\u00ebrkat\u00ebsin\u00eb e Pellazg\u00ebve tek popullsia greke do e tregojn\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, ato v\u00ebnde t\u00eb shkrimeve historike t\u00eb antikitetit,<\/strong> ku historian\u00ebt grek do t\u00b4i pershkruajn\u00eb ata si \u201cbarbar\u00eb\u201d.<\/strong> (16) \u00a0Por, sipas Fjalor\u00ebve eciklopedik, n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e Homerit (\u2053 shk.8 p.e.r.) dhe\u00a0 t\u00eb Aristofanit (v.\u00a0445 – 385 p.e.s) fjala \u201cbarbar\u201d akoma nuk p\u00ebrcaktonte dallimin etnik. (17)<\/p>\n

      N\u00eb Historin\u00eb e Lasht\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb shekullit 21, fatkeq\u00ebsisht, \u201cteza etnike\u201d e fiseve Pellazge vijon t\u00eb huazohet nga studiuesit e shk. 19 si, Diefenbach 1861, Busolt 1885 \u00b8 Hesselmeyer 1890 etj.\u00a0 pa i v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dyshim (t\u00eb gabuara apo jo) p\u00ebrfundimet e tyre. K\u00ebt\u00eb metod\u00eb, Mark Bloch e quan nj\u00eb \u201crecitim\u201d p\u00ebrm\u00ebnd\u00ebsh i autor\u00ebve paraardh\u00ebs dhe gabim, pranimin e \u00e7do dokumenti t\u00eb shkruesve t\u00eb lasht\u00eb, si fakt shkencor : \u201c… prej shum\u00eb koh\u00ebsh \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb re, se nuk duhen pranuar verb\u00ebrisht t\u00eb gjitha d\u00ebshmit\u00eb historike\u201d. (18)<\/p>\n

      N\u00eb Europ\u00ebn e lasht\u00eb, fiset e shumta pellazgjike mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb bashkjetuar edhe me tribu t\u00eb panjohura.\u00a0 Por\u00a0 \u00ebsht\u00eb e \u00e7uditshme se si studiuesit nuk marrin parasysh, faktet e fiseve t\u00eb njohura, si psh q\u00eb pellazg\u00ebt kan\u00eb folur nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb por me dialekte t\u00eb ndryshme. N\u00eb librin e studiuesit arb\u00ebresh, Nikoll Ketta (Tesoro di Notizie<\/em> su de\u00b4Macedoni<\/em>, v.1777)\u00a0\u00a0 lexojm\u00eb : \u00ab\u00a0 gjuha e grek\u00ebve (helen\u00ebve-sh\u00ebn im) dhe e maqedonasve ndryshonte vet\u00ebm si dialekte (\u2026) dhe e folura e maqedonasve ishte e njejt\u00eb me t\u00eb epirot\u00ebve \u2026 ) (19) Pra helen\u00ebt flisnin t\u00eb njejt\u00ebn gjuh\u00eb me fiset \u201cbarbare\u201d maqedone dhe epirote.<\/p>\n

      Mosp\u00ebrdorimi i metod\u00ebs s\u00eb \u201cfilozofis\u00eb historike\u201d apo \u201ckritik\u00ebs mbi dokumentet\u201d, si\u00e7 shprehej M. Bloch, solli si pasoj\u00eb shtr\u00ebmb\u00ebrimin e vet\u00eb<\/strong> Historis\u00eb s\u00eb Lasht\u00eb q\u00eb kemi sot, ku<\/strong> fiset Pellazge trajtohen artificialisht si fise t\u00eb huaja nga ana etnike<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

      Thumer : \u201cNj\u00eb gj\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ve\u00e7ohet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb prer\u00eb, q\u00eb pellazg\u00ebt dhe helen\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb\u00a0 trajtohen si dy popullsi t\u00eb ndryshme, t\u00eb dallueshme etnikisht nga njera-tjetra\u201d. (20) Nd\u00ebrsa G.Grote (A History of Greece<\/em>,1853) do e theksoj me forc\u00eb : \u201cnd\u00ebrmjet grek\u00ebve (helen\u00ebve \u2013sh\u00ebn im) dhe pellazg\u00ebve ekziston nj\u00eb ndryshim etnik\u201d. (21)<\/p>\n

      \u00c7udija e p\u00ebrfundimeve t\u00eb \u201cshkoll\u00ebs gjermane\u201d mbi \u201ctez\u00ebn etnike\u201d t\u00eb Pellazg\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe\u00a0 fakti, se Tuqididit (Thuk.1,3) kishte pohuar se, Helen\u00ebt p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb merrnin k\u00ebt\u00eb em\u00ebr, dmth t\u00eb quheshin helen\u00eb, ata\u00a0 em\u00ebrtoheshin me emrin e popujve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, kryesisht me emrin Pellazg.(22) Shk\u00ebmbimi i emrit t\u00eb fiseve me nj\u00eb em\u00ebr tjet\u00ebr, nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ata shk\u00ebmbejn\u00eb edhe rac\u00ebn. Edhe shqipetar\u00ebt pas viteve 90 u detyruan t\u00eb ndrojn\u00eb emrin e tyre n\u00eb Greqi apo ta shpallin veten \u201cgrek\u201d, por kjo nuk i b\u00ebri ata etnikisht t\u00eb\u00a0 ndrysh\u00ebm nga prind\u00ebrit shqipetar\u00eb q\u00eb lan\u00eb n\u00eb atdhe.<\/p>\n

      Pasoj\u00eb e k\u00ebsaj verb\u00ebrie n\u00eb trajtimin e dokumentave t\u00eb lashta, ishte vjedhja \u201cshkencore\u201d<\/em>e \u201cpron\u00ebs historike\u201d t\u00eb Lasht\u00ebsis\u00eb (mitet, objektet arkeologjike, qytetrimin, etj) prej pronar\u00ebve t\u00eb saj legjitim Atlantido – Pellazg\u00ebve hyjnor dhe pasardh\u00ebsve t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb mbijetuar n\u00eb Gadishull, Shqipetaro-Arb\u00ebrve t\u00eb sot\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

      Do ishte naive t\u00eb besonim se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb masak\u00ebr, faji i takon vet\u00ebm metod\u00ebs s\u00eb ndjekur,\u00a0 ndikoi edhe padija e studiuesve mbi gjuh\u00ebt e lashta dhe dialektet e gjuh\u00ebs shqipe, dhe ve\u00e7anrisht i besimit pellazg, nga e kan\u00eb origjin\u00ebn emrat \u201cpellazg\u201d, \u201carb\u00ebr\u201d, \u201cshqipetar\u201d dhe \u201chelen\u201d. Emri \u201cgrek\u201d nuk i p\u00ebrket asnj\u00eb besimi.<\/p>\n

      Nikoll Ketta shton k\u00ebtu edhe faktin e habitsh\u00ebm, se si, t\u00eb ndodhur br\u00ebnda Europ\u00ebs\u00a0 : \u201cAsnj\u00eb studiues nuk u ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb v\u00ebm\u00ebndje t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb popullsis\u00eb Arb\u00ebreshe, e cila deri n\u00eb shk. 14 ka patur tradita t\u00eb p\u00ebrm\u00ebndura nga shum\u00eb studiues t\u00eb lasht\u00eb si Erodoti, Tucididi, Dionisio, Plutarku, Straboni etj. me t\u00eb cilat ne formuam sistemin e origjin\u00ebs\u2026)(23)<\/p>\n

      Por, le t\u00b4iu drejtohemi fakteve t\u00eb autor\u00ebve t\u00eb shekujve modern\u00eb, se si e kan\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar qytetrimin e pellazg\u00ebve \u201cbarbar\u00ebve\u201d dhe sa u detyrohen helen\u00ebt \u201cgrek\u00eb\u201d arritjeve t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n

      \u201cLigji\u201d barbar q\u00eb\u00a0 baltosi Pellazg\u00ebt hyjnor<\/strong><\/p>\n

      Kur flitet p\u00ebr Lasht\u00ebsin\u00eb, q\u00eb nga periudha e em\u00ebrtuar \u201cgreko-romake\u201d e deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e sotme, \u00ebsht\u00eb pranuar si \u201cligj\u201d i padiskutuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebrkufizimet : Heleniz\u00ebm\u2192 Qytetrim;\u00a0 Helen \u2192 Grek; Grek \u2192 Simbol i zhvillimit t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb njer\u00ebzore, krijues i pasuris\u00eb kulturore, mitike dhe besimtare t\u00eb Euro-Azis\u00eb; Pellazg\u00ebt dhe fiset e tjera \u201c t\u00eb pa helenizuara\u201d(q\u00eb nuk\u00a0 kishin kultur\u00ebn helene) \u2192 Barbar\u00eb.<\/p>\n

      Po ve\u00e7oj disa d\u00ebshmi t\u00eb marra nga \u201cshkolla gjermane\u201d e shk.19-20\u00a0 q\u00eb jan\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur mbi autor\u00ebt e lasht\u00ebsis\u00eb :<\/p>\n

      N\u00eb Enciklopedin\u00eb Italiane \/Treccani\/ shkruhet se Hipokrati (Hippocrate, 460 p.e.r. – 377 p.e.r) dhe\u00a0 historian\u00ebt e par\u00eb q\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt u njoh\u00ebn me popujt \u201cjo hellen\u201d, vun\u00eb re se, edhe ata kishin nj\u00eb kultur\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme<\/strong> , shpesh edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb zhvilluar , bile<\/strong> m\u00ebma e asaj hellenike<\/strong>. (24)<\/p>\n

      Locher-H\u00fcttenbach duke u bazuar tek Diodori shkruan se : Poet\u00ebt e par\u00eb t\u00eb Hellasit, kishin p\u00ebrdorur ato<\/strong> shkronja alfabeti<\/strong> q\u00eb i kishin patur perdorur m\u00eb par\u00eb banor\u00ebt e par\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtij vendi , \u201cpellazg\u00ebt\u201d<\/strong>. (25)<\/p>\n

      N\u00eb studimin e tij (1861),\u00a0 Diefenbach pohon se : Helen\u00ebt do t\u00eb huazonin nga popullsia e m\u00ebparshme nj\u00eb num\u00ebr shum\u00eb t\u00eb madh fjal\u00ebsh, t\u00eb cilat njihen si fjal\u00eb t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs. (26) Disa vjet pas tij (1890) nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr autor gjerman, Ellis Hesselmayer do t\u00eb shtoj\u00eb\u00a0: Pellazget do t\u00eb b\u00ebhen m\u00ebsuesit e tyre (grek\u00ebve) n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb, para s\u00eb gjithash n\u00eb punimin e tok\u00ebs si dhe artin e nd\u00ebrtimit, ve\u00e7anrisht n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e banesave t\u00eb forta dhe t\u00eb sigurta. (\u2026) Larisa dhe Argosi me nd\u00ebrtimet e tyre t\u00eb rralla nuk do t\u00eb zhduken kurr\u00eb nga kujtesa e grek\u00ebve. Ata do huazojn\u00eb prej kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb pellazg\u00ebve t\u00eb lasht\u00eb edhe elementet e kalendarit si dhe m\u00ebsimet e per\u00ebndive (teollogjin\u00eb pellazge-sh\u00ebn im) . (27)<\/p>\n

      Nj\u00eb pasqyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar p\u00ebr qytetrimin pellazg na jep gjuh\u00ebtari gjerman Hans Krahe (1898 \u2013 1965) . Sipas tij, shumica e em\u00ebrtimeve q\u00eb lidhet me shtetin dhe organizimin shtet\u00ebror dhe shprehin kuptimin e ushtrimit t\u00eb \u201cpushtetit dhe t\u00eb sundimit shtet\u00ebror\u201dq\u00eb gj\u00ebnden n\u00eb fjalorin e greqishtes jan\u00eb huazime nga materiali gjuh\u00ebsor i gjuh\u00ebs paragreke. Gjithashtu, Greket do t\u00eb m\u00ebsojn\u00eb nga pellazg\u00ebt p\u00ebrpunimin e metaleve, lundrimin detar dhe fjal\u00ebt q\u00eb lidhen me k\u00ebto veprimtari. (28)<\/p>\n

      H.Krahe n\u00ebnvizon se influenca pellazge mbi grek\u00ebt p\u00ebrfshin ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht fush\u00ebn e fes\u00eb. T\u00eb gjitha emrat e hyjnive greke, me p\u00ebrjashtime shum\u00eb t\u00eb\u00a0vogla jan\u00eb emra me prejardhje jo greke dhe rrjedhin nga bota e vjet\u00ebr e mesdheut<\/strong>. S\u00eb bashku me emrat, <\/strong>vijon studiuesi, grek\u00ebt p\u00ebrvetsuan edhe historit\u00eb <\/strong>(mitet \/ folklorin e pellazg\u00ebve \u2013sh\u00ebn im) q\u00eb lidheshin me k\u00ebto emra dhe t\u00eb heronjve q\u00eb lidheshin me k\u00ebto histori.<\/strong> (29) Duhet t\u00eb kemi parasysh se \u00e7do veprimtari e njeriut nga parahistoria deri n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e mesjet\u00ebs s\u00eb her\u00ebshme udh\u00ebhiqej nga feja dhe drejtuesit e Institucioneve fetare, prandaj \u00ab\u00a0greket\u00a0\u00bb kan\u00eb huazuar nga pellazg\u00ebt jo vet\u00ebm ritet, por edhe ligjet. Ligjet e para ishin ato q\u00eb d\u00ebnonin moszbatimin e riteve nga qytetar\u00ebt.(F.Demi, Kombi\u00a0 \u2013\u00a0 origjina e organizimit t\u00eb bashkesive fisnore dhe i ligjeve t\u00eb Kanuneve t\u00eb Arb\u00ebrve<\/em> ).<\/p>\n

      Vet\u00eb emri i Europ\u00ebs , q\u00eb sot mbahet si simbol i qytetrimit m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, e ka origjin\u00ebn nga mitet pellazge.\u00a0 Dokumentet historike tregojn\u00eb se n\u00eb veri t\u00eb Thesalis\u00eb dhe n\u00eb Labadeia, ku banonte\u00a0 fisi pellazg, adhurohej per\u00ebndesha e tok\u00ebs me emrin \u00ab\u00a0Demet\u00ebr Europa\u00a0\u00bb (Fick 1905). \u00a0(30) Titano-Pellazg\u00ebt e quanin veten \u00ab\u00a0bij t\u00eb dheut\/tok\u00ebs\u00a0\u00bb dhe nga ana gjuh\u00ebsore emrin e saj e shpjegon vet\u00ebm gjuha shqipe\u00a0: shq. De\/dhe\u00a0; gr. \u03b3\u03b7 (gi); it. terra; fr.terra ang. terre; gjerm.erde. Edhe fjala\/rrenj\u00eb \u00ab\u00a0terr\u00a0\u00bb e cila ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebt latine fjal\u00ebn terra (toka), i p\u00ebrket gjuh\u00ebs zanafillore shqipe\u00a0: terr-err\u00ebsir\u00eb, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb br\u00ebnd\u00ebsia e tok\u00ebs; terri i nat\u00ebs, u b\u00eb qielli terr i zi, etj.<\/p>\n

      N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb studim,\u00a0 ju drejtova kryesisht \u00ab\u00a0shkoll\u00ebs gjermane\u00a0\u00bb p\u00ebr dy ar\u00ebsye\u00a0: 1. sepse Historia e Lasht\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb Europ\u00ebs, n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb bazuar tek kjo shkoll\u00eb e\u00a0 shk.19\u00a0 dhe 2. sepse d\u00ebshmit\u00eb e studiuesve t\u00eb huaj, trajtohen si \u00ab\u00a0t\u00eb padiskutueshme\u00a0\u00bb p\u00ebr v\u00ebrtetsin\u00eb e tyre shkencore, nga\u00a0 hartuesit e botimeve shkollore n\u00eb Shqiperi dhe n\u00eb mendimin akademik t\u00eb Albanologjis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

      Nga sa pam\u00eb n\u00eb th\u00ebnjet e m\u00ebsipirm\u00eb, studiuesit gjerman t\u00eb shekullit 19 (Kretschmer 1895, Busolt 1885 Hesselmeyer 1890 etj.) do t\u00eb pranojn\u00eb se \u00ab\u00a0kultura q\u00eb zot\u00ebronte popullsia paragreke (dmth pellazge-sh\u00ebn im) ishte n\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel shum\u00eb her\u00eb m\u00eb e lart\u00eb se sa kultura e popullsis\u00eb s\u00eb m\u00ebvonshme greke\u00a0\u00bb (31)<\/p>\n

      Ndiqni me v\u00ebm\u00ebndje arsyetimin e \u00ab\u00a0shkoll\u00ebs gjermane\u00a0\u00bb t\u00eb shk.19, p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfundimin e tyre \u00ab\u00a0pellazg\/barbar \u2192\u00a0 etnikisht jo grek\/pa qytetrim\u00bb: \u00ab\u00a0Sipas Herodotit (II,51) historian\u00ebt do ti trajtojn\u00eb pellazg\u00ebt si t\u00eb ishin helen\u00eb, por ai vet\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i prirur q\u00eb t\u00eb shoh tek pellazg\u00ebt – barbar\u00ebt, por nuk guxon ta theksoj k\u00ebt\u00eb mendim me siguri.<\/strong> (32) Nd\u00ebrsa pjesa e par\u00eb e fraz\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb fakt historik, tek e dyta (me t\u00eb zeza) autori shpreh mendimin e tij personal p\u00ebr Herodotin, por pa fakte t\u00eb dokumentuara.<\/p>\n

      Kjo kontradit\u00eb vihet re edhe tek Hesslmeyer (1890), Busolt (1885) , t\u00eb cil\u00ebt , pasi i quajt\u00ebn pellazg\u00ebt \u00ab\u00a0barbar\u00a0\u00bb dhe \u00ab\u00a0t\u00eb paqytetruar\u00a0\u00bb, do t\u00eb pohojn\u00eb se : \u00ab\u00a0Faktet historike (\u2026) do t\u00eb tregojn\u00eb se ishin helen\u00ebt ata, q\u00eb kur erdh\u00ebn n\u00eb k\u00ebto vise, do t\u00eb gjenin nj\u00eb popullsi shum\u00eb her\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb zhvilluar dhe me nj\u00eb nivel shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb kulturor, e cila do t\u00eb b\u00ebhej m\u00ebsuesja e tyre dhe prej se cil\u00ebs<\/strong> do t\u00eb merrnin njohurit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha fushat e jet\u00ebs, q\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb do t\u00b4i trajtonin si arritje t\u00eb tyre<\/strong>\u00a0\u00bb. (33)\u00a0 Lind pyetja\u00a0:\u00a0 kush ishin n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet fiset BARBARE <\/em>( t\u00eb pa zhvilluar dhe pa qytetrim) t\u00eb Lasht\u00ebsis\u00eb,\u00a0para \u00e7faqjes s\u00eb fiseve aziatike mongole ?\u00a0 Ky problem i ka trazuar shpirtrat e filozof\u00ebve dhe sedr\u00ebn profesionale t\u00eb autor\u00ebve modern.<\/p>\n

      P\u00ebr ta justifikuar \u00e7oroditjen e tez\u00ebs \u00ab\u00a0pellazg \u2192barbar, jo etni helene \/ jo grek\u00a0\u00bb t\u00eb shk19,\u00a0 Hesselmeyer (1890) p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb fraz\u00eb po aq t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme (me shkronja t\u00eb theksuara)\u00a0 : \u00ab\u00a0N\u00ebse poet\u00ebt e koh\u00ebve historike flasin p\u00ebr prejardhjen e grek\u00ebve (b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr helen\u00ebt-sh\u00ebn im) nga pellazg\u00ebt , kjo nuk ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj me konceptin historik mbi pellazg\u00ebt<\/strong>. Pellazg\u00ebt ishin etnikisht t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm nga grek\u00ebt dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e gabuar ti trajtosh ata si paraardh\u00ebs t\u00eb grek\u00ebve\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>. (34) Se cili ka q\u00ebn\u00eb ky \u00ab\u00a0koncept historik\u00a0\u00bb q\u00eb do tregonte dallimin etnik t\u00eb pellazg\u00ebve me helen\u00ebt, mbetet enigme, \u00ab\u00a0fajtori\u00a0\u00bb i vet\u00ebm mbetet fjala –\u00a0BARBAR<\/em>.<\/p>\n

      Origjina e \u00ab\u00a0ligjit\u00a0\u00bb pellazg\u00eb =\u00a0barbar<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u00ab\u00a0Shkolla gjermane\u00a0\u00bb e shk.18-19 njihet si nism\u00ebtare e shkenc\u00ebs gjuh\u00ebsore, q\u00eb solli krijimin edhe t\u00eb shkencave t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb u morr\u00ebn me zbulimin e origjinave dhe lidhjeve etnike t\u00eb popujve.\u00a0 Fakti q\u00eb\u00a0 fjala \u00abbarbar\u00a0\u00bb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur si p\u00ebrbuzje ndaj nj\u00eb popullsie tjet\u00ebr dhe sidomos k\u00ebmb\u00ebngulja, se kjo fjal\u00eb\u00a0 i dallonte etnikisht pellazget nga \u00ab\u00a0helen\u00ebt e qytetruar\u00a0\u00bb, si\u00e7 e pam\u00eb m\u00eb lart, na shtyn t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb filozofin\u00eb e elit\u00ebs s\u00eb Europ\u00ebs veri-per\u00ebndimore t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj periudhe.<\/p>\n

      P\u00ebrbuzja, q\u00eb jo rrall\u00eb shndrohet n\u00eb urrejtje br\u00ebnda nj\u00eb etnije apo ndaj etnive t\u00eb tjera, p\u00ebr ar\u00ebsye nga m\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme, n\u00eb koh\u00ebt moderne \u00ebsht\u00eb em\u00ebrtuar \u00ab\u00a0raciz\u00ebm\u00a0\u00bb. Studimi i k\u00ebsaj ideollogjije \u00ebsht\u00eb em\u00ebrtuar \u00ab\u00a0racizmi shkencor\u00a0\u00bb. (35)<\/p>\n

      Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebndi k\u00ebtu t\u00eb zgjerohem me tezat e ndryshme q\u00eb i dhan\u00eb shkas filozofis\u00eb raciste, q\u00eb soll\u00ebn \u00ab\u00a0p\u00ebrbuzjen\u00a0etnike \u00bb n\u00eb botimet historike. Ishte\u00a0shkenca gjuh\u00ebsore q\u00eb i dha shtys\u00eb lindjes s\u00eb mitit historik\u00a0; k\u00ebrkimi shkencor \u00e7oi n\u00eb pretendimin e superioritetit moral, q\u00eb do t\u00eb\u00a0 kryesonte filozofin\u00eb e racizmit. Gjat\u00eb m\u00ebsimdh\u00ebnjes n\u00eb Angli (1859-1861) gjuh\u00ebtari gjerman, Max M\u00fcller shprehte doktrin\u00ebn raciste n\u00ebn velon e k\u00ebrkimeve gjuh\u00ebsore. (36)<\/p>\n

      Racizmi (etnik), u \u00e7faq\u00ebn tek disa autor\u00eb t\u00eb shk.17- 18 n\u00eb shkenc\u00ebn e historiografis\u00eb, por\u00a0 u shndrua n\u00eb doktrin\u00eb p\u00ebr trajtimin e Lasht\u00ebsis\u00eb, nga studiuesit e shk 19-20.\u00a0 Docenti i Universitetit t\u00eb Londr\u00ebs mjeku Robert Knox (1791<\/a>\u00a0– 1862<\/a>)\u00a0pohonte n\u00eb vitin 1850 se \u00ab\u00a0raca \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7do gj\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fakt m\u00eb i jashtzakonsh\u00ebm, m\u00eb i kuptuesh\u00ebm q\u00eb ka shpallur filozofia ndonjeher\u00eb. Raca \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithshka\u00a0: letersi, art, shkenc\u00eb \u2013me nj\u00eb fjal\u00eb qytetrimi varet nga ajo <\/strong>\u00bb.\u00a0 Ar\u00ebsyen e k\u00ebtij racizmi historik e shpjegon studiuesi belg Guy Bunnsen :\u00a0 \u00ab … se ishte e pabesueshme q\u00eb popuj, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb kaq t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm sot, nuk duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb luajtur asnj\u00eb rol n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn \u00bb. (37)<\/p>\n

      P\u00ebrfundimi <\/em><\/strong>\u00a0: Fjala BARBAR <\/em>\u00a0e p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr \u201ctez\u00ebn etnike\u201d t\u00eb Pellazg\u00ebve ishte nj\u00eb fallcifikim i fakteve historike t\u00eb Lasht\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe nuk kishte asnj\u00eb baz\u00eb shkencore, si\u00e7 e pohon edhe Friedrich M\u00fcller\u00a0(1834-1898)\u00a0 : \u201cEtimologjia \u00ebsht\u00eb ende nj\u00eb shkenc\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ham\u00ebndsia e verb\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb praktikuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb se sa hulumtimi metodik<\/strong>\u00a0(…) punimet tona shpesh rezultojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebshtjellim se sa n\u00eb sqarim\u00a0\u00bb.(38) \u00a0Duke u njohur me ideollogjin\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshiu bot\u00ebn shkencore europiane t\u00eb shk.19, do t\u00eb shpreheshim se, nuk fajsojm\u00eb vet\u00ebm metodollogjin\u00eb, shkak kryesor ka q\u00ebn\u00eb filozofia raciste q\u00eb , krahas politikan\u00ebve, p\u00ebrfshiu edhe studiuesit e shkenc\u00ebs s\u00eb Historiografis\u00eb.<\/p>\n

      Q\u00eb n\u00eb shk 18-19, \u00ab\u00a0shkolla Albanologjike\u00a0\u00bb e Arb\u00ebresh\u00ebve t\u00eb Italis\u00eb, nj\u00eb shekull p\u00ebrpara \u00ab\u00a0shkoll\u00ebs gjermane\u00a0\u00bb, zbuloi panoram\u00ebn shkencore t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjes etnike dhe qytetrimin e fiseve t\u00eb Gadishullit Pellazgjik. Dy shekuj q\u00eb pasuan nuk i l\u00ebkund\u00ebn dot p\u00ebrfundimet e tyre.<\/p>\n

      Sh\u00ebnim\u00a0: <\/em>T\u00eb gjitha referimet mbi \u00ab\u00a0shkoll\u00ebn gjermane \u00bb t\u00eb shk.19-20 jan\u00eb marre nga studiuesja Shpresa Musaj (Gjuha \u2013D\u00ebshmi e lasht\u00ebsis\u00eb son\u00eb mij\u00ebravje\u00e7are<\/em>)<\/p>\n

      Fatbardha Demi\u00a0\u00a0 (fatbardha_demi@yahoo.com<\/a> )<\/p>\n

      31.01.2020<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      DY FJAL\u00cb Q\u00cb NDRYSHUAN HISTORIN\u00cb E BOT\u00cbS\u00a0 (pj.I)Historia e kuptuar keq , n\u00ebse nuk tregohet kujdes , fare leht\u00eb mund t\u00eb rrezikoj\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00eb me diskretitimin e saj, historin\u00eb e kuptuar mir\u00eb. Mark Bloch Mjeshtria e Historianit Ky studim bazohet n\u00eb metod\u00ebn q\u00eb ka z\u00ebn\u00eb vend t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb shkenc\u00ebn historike t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 20-t\u00eb,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1138,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1134","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bashkekohore","category-15","description-off"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/rrenjettona.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1134","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/rrenjettona.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/rrenjettona.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rrenjettona.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rrenjettona.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1134"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/rrenjettona.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1134\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1150,"href":"https:\/\/rrenjettona.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1134\/revisions\/1150"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rrenjettona.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1138"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/rrenjettona.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1134"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rrenjettona.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1134"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/rrenjettona.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1134"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}